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The word “sgraffito” clearly traces its Italian roots — in the language of Umberto Eco, “graffito” or “graffitto” means “scratched out”. The technique of scratching on plaster in the XV—XVII centuries became especially popular in this country — this is how facades were decorated mainly because of the special strength of the material.
What is the sgraffito technique?
Working with plaster in this technique involves several stages: leveling and priming the base, applying one or more layers of coating, scratching the image according to a template. Multi-colored paintings can be achieved by applying plaster of different colors layer by layer. It is important to transfer the drawing quickly so that the material does not have time to freeze.
Decorative elements in the sgraffito technique are durable — the image is well preserved even in conditions of high humidity, does not deform, does not crumble.
Sgraffito is something in between painting and relief: the thickness of the plaster layer usually does not exceed one centimeter, and relief differences in this technique do not exceed two to five millimeters.
How was sgraffito used in the USSR?
This type of decorative art was especially popular in Soviet architecture in the 1950s and 1980s. Buildings, structures and monuments were decorated with this technique of applying plaster — images on the facades of high-rise buildings, schools, kindergartens and other public buildings were especially popular. Many of these ornaments can still be seen today, and they remain part of the historical and cultural heritage.
In the Soviet Union, with the help of sgraphitto, folk motifs were depicted, for example, ornaments, symbols and ideological sketches. Masters of decorative art carved abstract figures of science, representatives of working professions and their achievements, soldiers, athletes on plaster. With the help of sgrafitto, they not only decorated buildings, but also used it as a means of propaganda and patriotic education, glorifying the greatness of the country and national achievements.
Sources:
https://old.bigenc.ru/
https://veryimportantlot.com/
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